surname

surname
姓、名字(=family name ; last name)

"Can I have your surname, please?" "It's Tanaka."
「名字は？」「田中です」

alternative surname
別姓

common surname for husband and wife
夫婦同姓

dual-surname system
夫婦別姓制（度）

The surname "Suzuki" is very common in Japan.
「鈴木」という名字は日本でとても多い。

permit husbands and wives to use their surnames they had before their marriage
夫婦がそれぞれ結婚前の姓を名乗ることを認める

object to letting husbands and wives use different surnames
夫婦別姓に反対する